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Common Metabolic Diseases of Cattle: Ketosis, Milk Fever, Grass Tetany, and Downer Cow Complex¹

National Animal Disease Center, AR—SEA, USDA, P.O. Box 70 Ames, IA 50010

J. W. Young and D. C. Beitz

Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

Reid, in the 50th anniversary issue of theJournal of Dairy Science, stated that "in 1906, the average cow in the United States produced approximately 2,500 lb of milk; in 1956, she produced more than 5,000 lb." During the next 25 yr, the average annual milk production per cow has more than doubled, and some individual herds average more than 9,000 kg per cow per year. Selection of vastly improved strains of cattle in addition to increasing the potential for milk production also drastically narrows the nutritional and management spectrum over which these animals can maintain metabolite homeostasis. Thus, proper nutrition and management of these high-producing cows become increasingly complex and critical.

This review is not a comprehensive review of major metabolic diseases of cattle; rather, it is intended to be an interpretative summary. Emphasis will be placed upon progress during the last 25 yr, upon new techniques and approaches that have enhanced our understandings, and especially upon future areas in which research could be profitable or is needed strongly.

¹ Journal paper No. J—10059, of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames. Project 2389 and 2393.

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