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Effects of Environment and Management Stress on Reproduction in the Dairy Cow

Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616

ABSTRACT

Various stressful conditions have an adverse effect on reproduction in the dairy cow. While effects of various environmental (or meteorological) stresses on reproduction are well reviewed (43, 47, 50, 54), effects of stresses related to management on reproduction are far less defined. Wagner (52) has suggested possible management procedures in large dairy herds which may be stressful and in turn may affect the health and reproduction of the cow. However, such management stresses have not yet been proven experimentally.

When various types of stresses (Table 1) are considered, all environmental and management stresses cannot be eliminated from a practical dairy operation. Therefore, it is the objective of this report: (a) briefly to consider different types of environmental and management stresses which affect the most sensitive aspects of reproduction in the female and (b) to suggest possible mechanisms by which stress decreases reproductive efficiency. Identification of the mechanisms by which stress affects reproduction and subsequent selection of their physiological endpoints may be a powerful diagnostic tool.