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Compositional Changes in the Milk Secreted by Grazing Reindeer I. Gross Composition and Ash¹

Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks 99701 and Department of Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55101

ABSTRACT

The chemical composition of pooled reindeer milk was determined at five intervals during the lactation cycle while the reindeer were grazing vegetation typically selected by the species. Mean values for Alaskan reindeer milk at mid-lactation were 31.6% dry matter, 15.5% fat, 8.6% casein, 1.5% whey protein, 3.1% lactose, 1.3% ash, .20% citrate, .08% nonprotein nitrogen, .32% calcium, .27% phosphorus, .156% potassium, .068% chloride, .050% sodium, and .019% magnesium. Zinc, aluminum, iron, copper, manganese, boron, and molybdenum were much less.

Concentration of all major milk constituents except for lactose increased markedly through the lactation cycle. Dry matter, fat, casein, and ash showed increases of 56%, 89%, 66%, and 15%; lactose decreased 17%. Percent protein and fat were related in ranges of 11.1 to 21.0% fat and 7.1 to 13.2% protein. For 13 ungulate species protein and fat were also highly correlated, protein = 1.05 + .57 fat.

¹ This paper is based on work performed under USAEC Contract AT(04-3)-310.