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Genetic Parameters of Conformational and Managemental Traits

Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061

ABSTRACT

Since 1929 when the Holstein-Friesian Association of America introduced the first official type classification system in this country, dairy cattle breed associations have developed classification systems with the hope that they might serve as phenotypic and/or genetic indicators of milk producing ability, longevity, and wearability. Additionally dairymen have classified their cattle to identify conformational strengths and weaknesses in individual cows and in the herd in general and for aesthetic value. Summaries of information on official individual classification scores of daughters of registered bulls have been published by the purebred associations as an indication of type patterns transmitted by these sires. These classification systems have evolved from the assignment of a single total score for the cow to a total score plus a scorecard division (general appearance, dairy character, body capacity, and mammary system) to a total score, scorecard division, and descriptively coded scores for various traits. Most of the official purebred association classification programs now include a descriptive scoring system.

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