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Nitrogen Utilization by the Ruminant

Nitrogen Utilization by the Ruminant. Appreciation of Its Nutritive Value¹

Department of Dairy Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster

ABSTRACT

We are now in the 140th year since Friedrich Wohler first synthesized urea. With respect to the ruminant, synthetic urea was on the shelf for 50 years. Ever since Weiske (79) discovered in 1879 that sheep could use amide nitrogen there has been a prodigious amount of research directed toward the utilization of urea in the ruminant (69). In this country the results of Hart and associates (38) showing the need for readily fermentable carbohydrates, were convincing to both the nutritionists and the feed industry. As a consequence we have had a fast growing feed-urea industry for a quarter of a century. Seemingly this growth will continue.

The most encouraging developments with respect to nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) utilization are occurring on the dairy farms of North America. The gap between scientific delineation of NPN nutritive value and farm practice is narrowing. Urea, in particular, is being used in increasing amounts.

¹ Published with the approval of the Associate Director of the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center as Journal Article no. 95-67.