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Nitrogen Utilization by the Ruminant

Nitrogen Metabolism in the Ruminant¹

Animal Husbandry Research Division, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland

ABSTRACT

The protein needs of the world's expanding population continue to receive the attention of nutritionists. Ruminant nutritionists must consider the future role of the ruminant in meeting this protein requirement. The ruminant's unique ability to fix nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) into protein will have a part in providing this growing requirement. Economics will force ruminants to utilize more NPN which is not utilizable by humans. An efficient transition demands a thorough understanding of nitrogen (N) metabolism in the ruminant.

Various aspects of ruminant N metabolism have been reviewed by Chalmers and Synge (16), McDonald (75), Kay and Hobson (61), McLaren (76), Phillipson (88), Blackburn (4), and Hungate (54). The intent in this presentation is to discuss, as quantitatively as possible, the pathways of the major N fractions through the ruminant body. Interactions with other feed components in the rumen will be considered.

Feed N input to the rumen. The only N input to the animal is feed which also represents the primary N input to the rumen.

¹ Presented at the Sixty-second Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association, Ithaca, New York, June, 1967.