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Dairy Herd Improvement Association Yearly Herd Averages. I. Sources of Variation and Relations Among Measurements

Animal Husbandry Research Division, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland

ABSTRACT

Yearly herd average records from 1,801 Holstein herds on test continuously during 1960–1964 in the northeastern United States were studied. All herds fed both concentrates and hay, but some did not provide silage or pasture. Grain price, milk price, and feed cost per hundredweight of milk exhibited the largest degree of variation among states. Milk yield (62%) and income over feed cost (62%) had the largest variance among herds. Value of product (.77) and income over feed cost (.72) were most repeatable from year to year in the same herd. Milk yield accounted for about one-half the total variation in income over feed cost. The amount of concentrates fed was the only feed measure closely related to income over feed cost. The amount of hay fed had little influence on production and income over feed cost. It was concluded that estimates of feed costs other than concentrates were of little usefulness.