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Identification of Freemartins by Chromosomal Analysis

Department of Dairy Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus and The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio

ABSTRACT

The freemartin syndrome occurs in approximately 90% of heifers born twin to bulls [Lazear et al. (6)] and was shown by Lillie (7) to be associated with an anastomosis of the chorionic blood vessels of the twins in utero. One consequence of the anastomosis is a reciprocal exchange of stem cells from which erythrocytes are proliferated throughout the life of the resulting twins. Owen et al. (10, 11) were able to demonstrate that a result of this reciprocal exchange between dizygotic twins was identical erythrocyte antigen types. Each twin, however, contained two genetic populations of cells, one corresponding to its own genotype and one produced by the cells acquired from the co-twin. That cells other than erythrocyte precursors may be exchanged was suggested by the finding of Anderson et al. (1) and Billingham et al. (2) that most dizygotic twins were tolerant to grafts of their co-twins' skin.

¹ Present address: Department of Biology, Otterbein College, Westerville, Ohio.