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Microbiological Aspects of the Fixed-Bed Process for Removal of Cationic Radionuclides From Milk

Milk and Food Research, Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Public Health Service, Cincinnati, Ohio

ABSTRACT

Microbiological data obtained with a proposed procedure for the removal of strontium-90 from milk demonstrated a need for sanitizing agents for treating ion-exchange resin and regenerant solution. Elemental iodine, iodophor, chloramine-T, chlormelamine, hydrogen peroxide, heat, and hydrochloric acid, alone and in some combinations, were studied for microbial control in resin and regenerant solution. Column storage at pH 2 with a 170 F water rinse fortnightly was most effective for maintaining the resin in a sanitary condition, whereas adjustment to pH 2 with fortnightly additions of hydrogen peroxide, to maintain a residual of 20 m/liter, controlled microbial growth in the regenerant solution. Microbial growth in milk during processing at flow rates of 0.125 and 0.250 resin bed volumes per minute (rbv/min) was controlled by minimizing the time milk was held above 40 F; however, a flow rate of 0.0625 rbv/min (8-hr processing time) permitted substantial growth in milk held at a resin column temperature of 48–52 F after 4 hr of column use. The procedures developed for sanitary treatment of resin and regenerant solution have not affected the flavor quality of treated milk. Enterotoxigenic staphylococci inoculated into milk prior to processing at a flow rate of 0.0625 rbv/min did not produce detectable levels of enterotoxin A during 8 hr of milk processing.