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Phenotyping of Caseins of Cow's Milk: Collaborative Experiment

Eastern Regional Research Laboratory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

ABSTRACT

Aschaffenburg has contributed materially to our current knowledge of the genetic heterogeneity of the proteins of cow's milk. In 1957 he and Drewry (4) described the genetics of the occurrence of two forms of ß-lactoglobulin which they termed A and B. As a result of this study, many laboratories have been engaged in research concerning the chemical and physical properties of these proteins. By the use of starch-gel electrophoresis, a more searching tool for resolving heterogeneous mixtures than the paper electrophoresis technique employed by Aschaffenburg and Drewry, Bell (5) discovered a third ß-lactoglobulin variant, C, which migrated more slowly than B. In 1961, Aschaffenburg (1) reported the presence of three forms of ß-casein which could occur singly (A, B, and C) or in pairs (AB, AC, or BC) in the milk of individual cows. Thompson et al. (9) confirmed these studies and drew the same conclusion as Aschaffenburg (2) that the variation was breed specific.

¹ Eastern Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture.