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Vitamin A And D Enrichment of Nonfat Dry Milk

Hoffmann-LaRoche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey and Food Conservation Division, UNICEF, New York, New York

ABSTRACT

Large quantities of nonfat dry milk (solids) which move through welfare channels are being consumed as a beverage by children in needy areas of the world. In these areas nonfat dry milk may contribute significantly to the diet. To improve vitamin adequacy of this diet, the Protein Advisory Group of the UN Agencies recommended that the nonfat dry milk be enriched to a level of Vitamin A 5,000 IU and Vitamin D 1,000 IU per 100 g of powder at the point of consumption for vitamin-deficient areas. Pilot plant studies were made (a) to determine a practical method for enrichment, (b) to establish proper enrichment levels, and (c) to study various types of packaging. A production run of 60,000 lb of enriched nonfat dry milk was made by homogenizing a coconut fat carrier of vitamins A (synthetic) and D₂ in condensed milk before drying. Enriched nonfat dry milk was packaged in polyethylene bags, inserted in chipboard boxes, and later used as a beverage for various age groups, during periods up to 2 yr under field conditions in Kenya, Indonesia, Iran, Guatemala, and N.E. Brazil. In no case was the fortified product distinguished from the unfortified product by the consumers. Assays were made of the milk powder stored at these locations at six-month intervals for vitamin retention during the 2-yr period. Later, a production run of six million pounds was made by blending a dry beadlet carrier of vitamins A (synthetic) and D₂ into nonfat dry milk just before packaging. This enriched nonfat dry milk is being used in Indonesian welfare programs, and larger quantities are now being produced for use in other needy areas. The pilot studies, production procedure, and product data are reported in detail. The data indicate that it is feasible and practical to enrich nonfat dry milk with vitamins A and D2, using either the wet-stage process or the dry-stage process. The enriched nonfat dry milk, when consumed as a beverage in local diets of children, is readily acceptable and is not distinguished from the unenriehed product.

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