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Ruminant Fat Metabolism with Particular Reference to Factors Affecting Low Milk Fat and Feed Efficiency. A Review

Animal Husbandry Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION

Up to the present time, ruminant nutrition research has followed two principal lines of development. On the one hand, there are feeding experiment studies which deal with input-output measurements, digestibility, and efficiencies. On the other hand, there are numerous biochemical studies dealing with rumen, rumen absorption, and intermediary metabolism. The biochemical approach offers a means of explaining and understanding the observations made from feeding experiments, but research in this area has really only begun. Certain phenomena, such as low milk fat on various rations, offer opportunities to learn more about little-known aspects of ruminant metabolism. The intermediary steps involved in the production of milk solids represent one area in which further research is badly needed. It is proposed here to review the literature on low milk fat and certain environmental and physiological factors known to affect the fat content of milk, and to compare these conditions in light of their apparent effects on the over-all efficiency and performance of cattle.

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