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Departments of Animal Science and Veterinary Anatomy, Iowa State University, Ames
ABSTRACT
Twenty-seven newborn calves were allotted to three major dietary groups: milk (Group A); milk, hay, and grain (Group B); milk plus various substances administered into the rumen (Group C). Except when sacrificed earlier, calves received colostrum ad libitum from their respective dams for three days following birth. In Group A, three calves were sacrificed at one day of age, one at three days, two at 4 wk, two at 8 wk, and two at 12 wk. In Group B, three calves were sacrificed at 4 wk, two at 8 wk, and two at 12 wk. All calves in Group C were sacrificed at 8 wk. After sacrifice, each calf was subjected to systematic dissection of the abdominal region.
The size and position of various organs in the abdominal cavity of calves fed milk only and milk plus the experimental dietary supplements were compared to those of calves fed a normal diet of milk, hay, and starter. Papillary growth in the rumen was stimulated by the administration of at least 43 M of C3 or C4 volatile fatty acids. Administration of milk into the rumen also stimulated papillary growth. The introduction of plastic sponges into the reticulo-rumen promoted an increase in capacity and muscular development. Feeding hay and starter in addition to milk resulted in forestomach development which included papillary and muscular growth of the reticulo-rumen and pigment deposition in the rumen mucosa. Histological observations suggest that the origin of this pigment probably is the rumen contents in animals fed hay and grain. Extensive papillary development was observed in rumens of zero- to three-day-old calves. Older milk-fed calves showed less development; thus, early post-natal regression is suggested.
1 Journal Paper No. J-4102 of the Iowa Agricultural and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project No. 1324.
2 Fellow in Agricultural Science granted by the Rockefeller Foundation. Present address: Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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