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Effectiveness of Artificial Insemination in Dairy Cattle Improvement

Department of Animal Husbandry, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

ABSTRACT

Artificial insemination of dairy cows has operated as an organized program for 23 years. It is now time to stop and examine its accomplishments and its failures, to take a careful look at our present programs, and to make adjustments if necessary, so that they may be more effective in the future. With one-third of our dairy cows presently being bred by artificial insemination service, there is an opportunity to influence the population greatly as a whole.

During the first ten or fifteen years of the program, the major emphasis of our university research staffs was devoted to: (1) Methods of extending and preserving semen. (2) Methods of insemination. (3) Control of disease.

During the period of 1945 to 1955, nearly every issue of the JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE contained one or more research papers on one of these subjects. The object of this paper is not to review the advances in this phase of the program; however, I would like to point out that advances have been made through this research and, as a result, most artificial breeding associations today maintain a 70 to 75% nonreturn rate on first service.