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Protein Methodology

Structural and Genetic Implications of the Physical and Chemical Differences Between ß-Lactoglobulins A and B

Eastern Regional Research Laboratory, Philadelphia 18, Pennsylvania

ABSTRACT

Recently developed techniques for the investigation of the structure of proteins have made it possible to obtain detailed information on the chemical structure (the amino acid sequence) in a number of cases [see, for example, (3)], and, in at least one case (myoglobin), the detailed three-dimensional structure of a protein has been established by the application of special techniques in X-ray crystallography (10). One of the primary tasks facing protein chemists today is to relate the chemical structure of proteins to their physical and biological behavior. A very fruitful approach to this problem consists in the comparison of the behavior of two proteins almost identical chemically. By cancelling out their identical features, it should be possible to identify their chemical differences with the resulting differences in physical or biological behavior. Ideally suited for such investigations are families of proteins differing in chemical composition by a very few amino acids, undoubtedly as a result of a mutation in the gene which controls their synthesis.