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Effects of the Male Hormone on the Female Genotype

Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station Wooster, Ohio

ABSTRACT

To further clarify the role of the sex hormones in growth and development of the bovine, quantitative effects of the male hormone on the female genotype were studied. Although the effects of castration and consequent removal of most of the male hormone supply on the young male are qualitatively well-known (1), the effects of the male hormone on the female are but little understood.

One of the major difficulties in quantitative biological studies is the control of genetic variation. By using identical twins which have, by definition, identical genotypes, this source of variation is minimized (2).

The identical twin Brown Swiss freemartins (triplet to a bull) used in this study exhibited the palpable testes, small vagina, enlarged clitoris, and coarse vulvar hair characteristic of freemartins. At 4 mo. of age, a laparotomy was performed¹ on both, which revealed an under-developed uterus, no cervix, dangling fallopian tubes, and no ovaries, but histologically normal testes.