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Utilization of Carbohydrates Introduced Directly into the Omaso-Abomasal Area of the Stomach of Cattle of Various Ages^1,2,

Department of Animal Husbandry, Iowa State University, Ames

ABSTRACT

Blood reducing sugar responses were measured in dairy animals of five age groups (mean ages: 22, 50, 136, 227, and 600 days) following ingestion of single test meals of each of the following in water: glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, amylose, amylopectin, Flojel (acid-treated starch), and tapioca starch. Rate of administration was in proportion to body weight. Maximum increases in blood sugar levels in mg.% after carbohydrate ingestion at the five successive ages, from the youngest to the oldest, were glucose: 134, 130, 76, 82, 50; lactose: 147, 117, 36, 37, 14; maltose: 31, 72, 30, 34, 17. Sucrose and starch did not cause any appreciable change in blood reducing sugar at any age. Ingestion of sucrose and maltose caused diarrhea at all ages, but diarrhea due to glucose and lactose was more frequent in the older than in the younger animals. No diarrhea resulted from ingestion of starch.

Intravenous injection of glucose (0.3 g. per kilogram of body weight) prior to ingestion of carbohydrate increased the sensitivity of blood reducing sugar as an estimator of absorption. The onset of absorption of hydrolytic products of starch, however, was too late for the single glucose injection, at feeding time, to be of maximum value. Absorption of ingested carbohydrates appeared to begin at approximately the following times (in minutes) after ingestion: glucose 15; maltose and lactose, 30; starches 30–60.

Blood sugar responses to starch administration were moderately increased when the starches were autoclaved (at 15 p.s.i. for 30 min.) or heated in water suspension until gelling occurred.

¹ Journal Paper No. J-3998 of the Iowa Agricultural and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project No. 1324.

² This study was supported in part through funds provided by Distillers Feed Research Council, Cincinnati, Ohio, and by Western Condensing Company, Appleton, Wisconsin.

³ Present address: Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia.