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Effect of Phloridzin, Insulin, and Butyrate on the Concentration of Glucose and Ketones in the Blood and Urine of Fasted Steers

Department of Dairy Science, University of Illinois, Urbana

ABSTRACT

Seven experiments were conducted in an attempt to produce both clinical and biochemical symptoms of bovine ketosis. The treatments imposed were phloridzin, which causd a lowering of the renal threshold for glucose, phloridzin plus 800 units of insulin, which depressed the total reducing substances (T.R.S.) level in the blood during a period of increased glucose demand due to the lowered renal threshold, and the infusion of 25 g. per hour of butyrate, either by itself or with phloridzin and with phloridzin and insulin.

When phloridzin was infused following a 48- to 72-hr. fast, 56.62 g. of glucose were voided in the urine in 8 hr. Only a moderate fall in blood T.R.S. level and a moderate rise in blood and urine ketone levels were observed.

When two intramuscular injections of 400 units of insulin were superimposed on phloridzin infusion, the blood T.R.S. level rapidly dropped to the ketotic level. The blood and urine ketone levels were less than with phloridzin alone and less glucose was voided in the urine.

The infusion of butyrate at the rate of 25 g. per hour caused a very rapid drop in the T.R.S. level of the blood. Even at this high level of butyrate infusion, the level of ketones found in the blood approached ketotic levels only if phloridzin was infused concurrently. This observation adds support to the observation and theoretical postulation that a glucose stress is a predisposing factor in ketone formation. The butyrate concentration in the blood increased to a peak early in the infusion period, followed by a reduction and the establishment of a plateau. Approximately 185 g. of butyrate were thus metabolized during an 8-hr. period without adverse effect upon the animal.

No clinical symptoms of hypoglycemic shock were observed under any of the experimental treatments applied.

¹ The data presented are from a thesis submitted by the senior author to the Graduate College, University of Illinois, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.