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Some Effects of Feeding Various Filled Milks to Dairy Calves. I. Physical Condition and Weight Gains, with Special Reference to Low-Fat Rations.¹

Department of Dairy Husbandry and Veterinary Pathology Section, University of Minnesota, St. Paul

ABSTRACT

Various filled milks and low-fat rations were studied in an attempt to determine some of the factors responsible for the unsatisfactory gains, poor physical condition, and deaths which have been reported as occurring in calves fed rations containing highly unsaturated vegetable fat. Under the conditions of the experiment, the results of feeding corn oil filled milk to dairy calves were as follows: (a) animals appeared emaciated and unthrifty, (b) a marked diarrhea was observed, (c) an increased susceptibility to pneumonia and a high mortality rate occurred when infection was not rigidly controlled, (d) symptoms of anorexia and muscular involvement were noted, (e) poor feed utilization and unsatisfactory weight gains were obtained.

Calves fed hydrogenated vegetable oil, lard, or butter oil filled milks and whole milk were not adversely affected in the above manner, except as follows: Animals receiving lard and butter oil, prepared from oxidized butter, also exhibited symptoms of muscular involvement. Supplementation of the corn oil and lard filled milk diets with high levels of tocopherol prevented the development of muscular involvement, but did not improve weight gains of calves fed corn oil. Weight gain and feed utilization data obtained on the various rations suggest that the inclusion of corn oil in the diet depresses growth in some manner.

Diets containing as low as 0.10–0.15% butterfat were not detrimental to growth and physical condition of calves under the experimental conditions. A number of the animals fed several of the filled milk and low-fat rations were satisfactorily maintained on the liquid diets to 5–6 mo. of age.

¹ Scientific Journal Series Paper No. 4118, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.

² Present address: Dairy Science Extension Section, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.

³ Retired.

⁴ Present address: Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.