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Cottonseed Meals as the Primary Protein Supplement in Concentrate Feeds for Young Calves^{1, 2,}

Department of Animal Industry, North Carolina State College, Raleigh

ABSTRACT

Responses of calves to starters containing cottonseed meals produced by different methods and containing different concentrations of free gossypol were investigated. Starters containing hydraulic-pressed cottonseed meal at levels of 40 and 60% were compared with similar starters containing a special screw-pressed cottonseed meal. Concentrations of free gossypol in the starters were 0.107, 0.071, 0.035, and 0.0215%, respectively. Corresponding mortality rates among calves consuming these starters ad libitum were 100, 50, 75, and 0%. There was a positive correlation between free-gossypol intake by the calves up to 48 days of age and subsequent mortality. The maximum safe intake of free gossypol during this period was approximately 140 mg. per cwt. per day. Comparisons of calf starters containing 40 and 60% of degossypolized (0.029% free gossypol) cottonseed meal with starters containing corresponding levels of solvent-extracted soybean oil meal and with a starter having a blend, 40% of the former and 20% of the latter, revealed no significant difference in weight gains of calves during a 120-day period. Weight increases in these comparisons were similar to those from the starter containing the special screw-pressed cottonseed meal. The observations substantiate the prevalent view that young calves are highly sensitive to gossypol toxicity, hut the free-gossypol content of the cottonseed meals produced by improved processes was sufficiently low to permit the use of these meals as the primary source of protein in practical calf starters.

¹ Approved by tbe Director of Research for publication as Paper No. 833 in the Journal Series.

² The data in this paper are from a thesis submitted by the senior author in partial ful-filhnent of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.

³ Present address: Coastal Plain Research Station, Willard, N. C.

⁴ Present address: Rockefeller Experiment Station, Bogota, Colombia, S. A.

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