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Some Physical Properties of Milk. IV. Maximum Density of Milk^{1, 2,}

Kansas State College, Manhattan

ABSTRACT

The maximum density of water has long been recognized (3) as occurring near 4° C., but that of milk has not been reported uniformly. Davies (2) reported a maximum density of milk at –0.3° C. and Olson (7) reported one at –0.56° C. Neither writer cited references. Continuity of density at the freezing point has been contrasted with breaks or discontinuities of viscosity, and of electrical conductivity, at this temperature for several organic liquids (5). Aqueous solutions usually have a maximum density (8). Papers on theory of the liquid state (1), supercooled liquids (4), and spontaneous nucleation of water (6) also suggest that milk may have a maximum density. It was recently reported that milk does not have a maximum density above 0° C. (9), but that there might be irregular changes near 4° C.

Investigations at this laboratory have now been extended, to study in greater detail the density of milk near 4° C.

¹ Contribution No. 553, Department of Chemistry, and No. 251, Department of Dairy Husbandry, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Manhattan.

² This paper contains part of the material presented by Thomas M. Medved, in a thesis for the Master of Science degree at Kansas State College, 1956.

³ Associate chemist.

⁴ Research assistant in chemistry.

⁵ Associate dairy husbandman.