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Cobalt and Vitamin ₁₂ in Ruminant Nutrition: A Review

Dept. of Animal Husbandry, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.

ABSTRACT

This review will not delve into details of either cobalt or vitamin B₁₂ metabolism, since these separate subjects have been extensively reviewed elsewhere. Cobalt in the nutrition of animals has been reviewed by Russell (61), Maynard and Smith (51), Beeson (10), Marston (48), and Underwood (72), as well as others. Vitamin B₁₂ in its many aspects has been reviewed by Zucker and Zucker (77), Smith (63), Ungley (73), Marston (48), Sebrell and Harris (62), Ford and Hutner (26), and Williams (76).

Cobalt. A devastating syndrome in ruminants, now recognized in many parts of the world, was demonstrated in 1934 to be the result of cobalt deficiency, first in pastures of certain areas, then in harvested forages, and later in selected mixed rations, The nonspecific symptoms, demonstrated by many different groups of workers, included inappetence, followed by a loss in production and an anemia. The anemia has been described by Smith et al. (65) to be normocytic and normochromic, and by Marston (48) to be macrocytic.