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Milkstone—It Can Be Controlled

Department of Dairy Industry, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N. J.

ABSTRACT

Milkstone is a complex heterogeneous mixture of organic and inorganic substances which adhere tenaciously to milk heating surfaces. It is a substance closely related to boiler scale in steam generators, the relationship being that both are the result of heat treatment. The hard-water minerals cause boiler scale in a manner similar to the formation of milkstone by the mineral salts of milk.

Temperature a Factor in Formation of Milkstone

The amount of milkstone formed in a piece of milk-heating equipment, as well as its composition, bears a direct relationship to temperature. It has been shown by chemical analysis that the milkstone formed at low temperatures (vat pasteurization) is largely composed of adhesive fat and protein material. However, at higher temperatures (short-time, high-temperature pasteurization, 161° F. and higher) large amounts of ash materials, especially calcium and phosphorus, are precipitated. It has been further shown that milkstone formation is greatest at the temperatures that are favorable to the coagulation of albumin. X-ray studies have confirmed the composition of milkstone films.