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Further Studies on the Production of a Hyperkeratosis in Calves with Topically Applied Base-Oils for Use in Livestock Sprays¹

Departments of Biochemistry and Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison

ABSTRACT

The control of flies in cattle management is a problem of significant economic and aesthetic importance. Application of insecticides directly on the animals is one of the common methods of fly control. Petroleum oils are frequently used as solvents or carriers of insect toxicants for these sprays, and indiscriminate use of such preparations may sometimes do more harm than good. Regan and Freeborn (10) studied the effect of flies and fly sprays on certain physiological processes of the dairy cow. They concluded that oils applied at the rate of 40 ml. or 80 ml. per cow per day reduced the amount of water passing osmotically through the skin, thus reducing the ability of the cow to regulate body temperature. This was highly important at environmental temperatures above 80° F. Under their conditions, the use of oils caused about twice the loss in milk production as that resulting from uncontrolled flies (20% reduction from the oil compared to a 10% reduction from flies).

¹ Published with the approval of the director of the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station. Supported in part by the Standard Oil Co. (Indiana), Chicago.