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A Study of Actively Cellulolytic Rod-Shaped Bacteria of the Bovine Rumen

Dairy Husbandry Research Branch, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland

R. N. Doetsch

Department of Bacteriology, University of Maryland, College Park

ABSTRACT

During the study of a variety of bacteria cultured from bovine rumen contents, a number of anaerobic, Gram-negative, nonmotile, actively cellulolytic, rod-shaped bacteria were isolated (2, 3). The importance of these organisms in the ruminal fermentation was suggested by the large numbers in which they were found and because of their rapid degradation of cellulose.

The strains were similar in that they all fermented glucose, cellobiose, and cellulose but not xylose or starch; none of them liquefied gelatin or produced hydrogen sulfide. There was considerable variation in morphology and, more recently, several strains have been found which produce a yellow pigment.

Comparison with cellulolytic bacteria previously described shows these bacteria most similar to Bacteriodes succinogenes Hungate (10). On the basis of the few characteristics studied, they differed from the latter in not fermenting starch. Also, since colonies did not develop when strains were inoculated into cellulose agar, comparison could not be made with the unique type of colony formed in cellulose agar by B. succinogenes.

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