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The Influence of Glycerol Level, Various Temperature Aspects and Certain other Factors on the Survival of Bull Spermatozoa at Sub-Zero Temperatures

Department of Dairy Science, University of Illinois, Urbana

ABSTRACT

Considerable progress has been made in the freezing of bovine spermatozoa (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12) since it was discovered that glycerol would enable frog (9), fowl (8), and bull spermatozoa (10) to survive freezing. However, many problems still must be solved before this technique can be used widely for field artificial insemination of cattle.

The optimum glycerol level for use in the freezing of buil sperm has not been established by critical experiments. Smith et al. (10) reported that at glycerol levels of 10 and 15% excellent sperm survival rates were obtained, whereas a lower percentage of survival was obtained with 5% glycerol. Later Polge et al. (5) indicated that 10% glycerol was more desirable than 15%. Emmens et al. (1) stated that best results were obtained when 7.5 to 10% glycerol and 1.25% of a pentose were used. With unfrozen semen it was reported that 15% glycerol did not impair fertility (6).