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Filled Milks for Dairy Calves. III. Comparative Value of Various Soybean Oils and Butter Oil in a Practical Dietary Regime¹

Iowa State College, Ames

ABSTRACT

Three groups of dairy calves maintained under a practical herd regime were used to compare the nutritive values of crude and of hydrogenated soybean oils with butter oil. Alfalfa hay and a concentrate mixture were accessible to the calves from 4 to 88 days of age. Milk, reconstituted from non-fat milk solids plus the various oils at a 3 per cent concentration, was fed the first 56 days of the experiment, but the fats were omitted from the milk rations during the subsequent 28 days, thus making all the diets qualitatively identical the latter period.

The incidence of scouring was highest among the calves fed crude soybean oil, followed in order by those receiving the hydrogenated soybean and the butter oils. Poor growth, rough haircoats, excessive morbidity and a high rate of mortality also were observed among calves fed crude soybean oil.

No significant differences in the hemoglobin levels among the various groups were apparent.

When milks containing oils were fed, there were significant group differences in the blood plasma fat levels; the effects of the dietary oils in order from highest to lowest were crude soybean oil, butter oil and hydrogenated soybean oil. After the oils were omitted from the milk diet, differences in plasma fat values among the various groups became insignificant.

Although butter oil produced slightly greater weight gains and somewhat better general appearance than the other oils, freshly processed hydrogenated soybean oil was satisfactory as the principal source of dietary fat for young calves, whereas crude soybean oil was unsuitable.

¹ Journal paper no. J-2049 of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, Ames, Project 814.

² Present Address: Louisiana Polytechnic Institute, Ruston.

³ Present Address: Department of Animal Industry, North Carolina State College, Raleigh.