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The Effect of Pyridium, Penicillin, Furacin, and Phenoxethol upon the Livability of Spermatozoa and upon the Control of Bacteria in Diluted Bull Semen^{1, 2,}

Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Artificial Insemination, Department of Animal Husbandry, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

ABSTRACT

1. The possible usefulness of pyridium was limited by its low solubility. Maximum attainable concentrations produced no noticeable effects on spermatozoan livability or on bacterial growth.
   
2. Two commercial penicillins were equally effective in controlling bacterial growth and were slightly superior to sulfanilamide in this respect. Neither penicillin proved to be beneficial to the spermatozoa, and one in particular was toxic even when present in small amounts.
   
3. Furacin and phenoxethol proved to be highly bactericidal, and at the same time were spermicidal at most of the levels tested. Organisms of the pseudomonas group, especially, were resistant to the lower concentrations studied.
   
4. Throughout these experiments only sulfanilamide, the positive control, actually improved the livability of the spermatozoa.
   

¹ The data published in this paper have been taken from a thesis presented by the senior author to the Graduate School, Cornell University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture, 1947.

² The authors are indebted to Merck and Company, Inc., for the pyridium; to the Eaton Laboratories, Inc., of the Norwich Pharmaceutical Company for the furacin; to the Heyden Chemical Corporation for one of the commercial penicillins, and to A. H. Allard for technical assistance in these experiments.

³ Now at the University of Illinois.