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Measuring Detergency Functions as Affected by Various Detergents and Procedures against Milk Films by Application of a Mechanical Washing Apparatus^*

Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station

ABSTRACT

Detergency studies were made on various types of washing products. These were made by washing raw milk films from glass surfaces by a devised mechanical apparatus and measuring result in terms of light transmission by use of a Cenco-Sheard spectrophotelometer.

An appreciable difference was observed in detergency as affected by detergent material and variations in washing procedure that was measured by light transmission readings. Highest detergency values were secured with solutions prepared of near-neutral wetting agent and metaphosphate mixtures. Next in order of detergency were slightly alkaline wetting agent detergent, alkaline salts containing wetting agent, alkaline salts containing metaphosphate and acid detergent solution which gave lowest and entirely inadequate detergency.

Prerinsing effects demonstrated depressive detergency action with both hard and soft water with all detergents except acid. Better detergency was secured with soft water than with hard water. Highly improved detergency was attained when prerinsing with water containing metaphosphate in slight excess of that required for sequestration of water hardness.

After rinsing effects demonstrated improved detergency with alkaline detergents when hard and soft water were used at 150° F. Depressed detergency occurred with acid, wetting agent and wetting agent plus metaphosphate detergents. However, soft water for final rinse gave better results than hard water.

When wetting agent-metaphosphate detergent was used and the final rinse contained 0.10 and 0.15 per cent metaphosphate in water containing 300 to 320 p.p.m. hardness, high light-transmission readings were maintained throughout repeated washing trials. Highest and practically complete detergency as measured by light transmission occurred when 0.10 and 0.15 per cent wetting agent-metaphosphate detergents were usd in the final rinse.

^* Journal Article No. 805, new series, Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. This study was made possible through a grant from Swift & Company, Chicago, Illinois, for research in quality milk and cream.