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Utilization of Urea and Growth of Heifer Calves with Corn Molasses or Cane Molasses as the Only Readily Available Carbohydrate in the Ration^*

ABSTRACT

1. Further studies on urea utilization in a rumen fistula heifer are reported.
   
2. With timothy hay as the sole ingredient of the basal ration utilization of urea was low. Corn molasses provided a suitable substrate for the development of an active flora, and urea was fairly well utilized. The protein of the rumen contents (dry basis) rose from a basal level of 7.7 per cent to 9.28 per cent.
   
3. With timothy hay, starch, corn molasses and urea as the ration the protein level in the rumen contents rose from 7.7 per cent to 10.9 per cent. Apparently somewhat better utilization of urea was made on a starch-containing ration than on one containing mainly a more soluble sugar.
   
4. In growth experiments with young heifer calves a ration made of timothy hay, cane molasses and urea fortified with common salt, bone meal, and vitamin A gave a subnormal rate of growth (0.6 to 0.8 pound daily).
   
5. When this ration was supplemented with 0.3 pound of crude casein daily normal growth was attained. Substitution of an equal weight of corn starch for the casein likewise resulted in normal growth.
   
6. For maximum growth of calves a ration made of a roughage, molasses and urea must be supplemented with some additional source of a more insoluble but fermentable carbohydrate or insoluble protein which can be drawn from the cereal grains or concentrates, such as the oil meals. In our limited experience this supplemental material need not be more than 3–5 per cent of the total ration.
   

^* Published with the approval of the Director of the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station.

This work was supported in part by a grant from E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Inc.

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