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Study of Dairy Cleaning Problems I. Films and Deposits on Hot-Milk Equipment

Sealtest, Inc., Research Laboratory, Baltimore, Maryland

ABSTRACT

1. An apparatus and method was devised for studying the formation of heat-deposited milk films.
   
2. Two definite types of films were found: one of cheese-like consistency is the result of super-heating and partial dehydration of milk around gas bubbles formed at the heat-transfer surface; the other a thin dense metallic-like film or discoloration is produced concomitantly with the cheese-like deposit, or independent of it if conditions are such that gas bubbles do not form at the heat-transfer surface.
   
3. It is suggested that the accumulation of thin metallic-like films, due to incomplete cleaning or failure to recognize their presence, is the primary cause of milkstone formation on hot-milk equipment.
   

^* Now with Calgon, Inc., 300 Ross Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.