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Influence of Some Mix Components upon the Texture of Ice Cream

ABSTRACT

1. The organoleptic test, the microscopic examination of ice-crystal size, and the dilatometer measurements of rate of freezing were used in this study . as a basis for evaluating the factors contributing to ice-cream texture. The results obtained are briefly summarized below.
   
2. An increase in the percentage of milk solids as a result of increasing either the fat or the milk-solids-not-fat improved the smoothness of ice cream texture as judged organoleptically and tended to decrease the size of the ice crystals formed in ice cream.
   
3. When the milk solids content of the samples was maintained essentially the same but the ratio of fat to milk-solids-not-fat was varied significantly, the milk-solids-not-fat were more effective than the milk fat in causing the formation of small ice crystals.
   
4. Under these same conditions the dilatometer data show that the milk-solids-not-fat had a greater influence than did fat in retarding freezing. Hence it is suggested that the smaller ice crystals formed in samples with a higher proportion of milk-solids-not-fat may be due to a retarding action of the latter upon the growth of the ice crystals.
   
5. An increase in the proportion of fat in ice cream was found to have a greater effect upon texture judged organoleptically than it did in reducing ice-crystal size observed microscopically or in retarding the growth of ice crystals as measured by the dilatometer.
   
6. Where variations in composition are not too great, in a series of samples, one can expect good correlation between ice-crystal size measured microscopically and smoothness of ice cream judged organoleptically. This relation does not necessarily hold, however, if the proportion of fat to milk-solids-not-fat is very high or very low, possibly because fat in ice cream has a lubricating effect in the mouth, whereas this effect is not nearly so pronounced with milk-solids-not-fat.
   

¹ Dairy Industry Division, University of California, Davis, California.

² California State Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Market Enforcement.