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Carotene Intake, Level of Blood Plasma Carotene, and the Development of Papillary Edema and Nyctalopia in Calves^*

Mich. Agr. Exp. Sta., East Lansing

ABSTRACT

1. Calves placed on low carotene rations at 40 to 90 days of age developed nyctalopia in from 48 to 73 days.
   
2. Papillary edema developed at approximately the same time although there were some variations.
   
3. An intake of about 9 micrograms of carotene per pound of body weight was not sufficient to prevent nyctalopia or an increase in papillary edema.
   
4. An intake of about 16 micrograms per pound of body weight was sufficient to maintain the plasma carotene at 0.2 microgram per ml. and above in Holstein and Ayrshire calves.
   
5. An intake of 16 micrograms per pound of body weight was sufficient to prevent nyctalopia and maintain fair general health.
   
6. When the plasma carotene values fell below about 0.13 microgram per ml. nyctalopia and papillary edema followed. This value is for Holstein and Ayrshire calves.
   
7. The carotene requirements of Guilbert and Hart (7) for the bovine are approximately correct where nyctalopia is used as a criterion.
   

^* Journal Article No. 360 (n.s.) Michigan Agr. Exp. Sta.