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A Simplified Procedure for Calculating Weights of Milk to Their Energy Equivalent in Milk of Different Fat Content in Accordance with the Gaines¹ Formula

Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster, Ohio

ABSTRACT

The formula introduced by Gaines (1) for the calculation of milk yields to their energy equivalent in terms of 4 per cent milk has come into wide-spread use. Overman and Gaines (2) have presented additional evidence further establishing the accuracy of the formula. The manner in which the formula is commonly stated,^**
, while seemingly very simple, requires at least four distinct operations and recordings to complete the computation, when the weight of milk and its fat percentage are the known terms.

While using this formula it occurred to the writer that there must be a simpler method of obtaining these results. The method arrived at was as follows: The value of 100 pounds each of milk testing, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 per cent fat was calculated to its energy equivalent in 4.0 per cent milk by the Gaines formula. The value for 4 per cent milk was of course 100, since that is the base of the system.

^* The writer is deeply indebted to Dr. W. L. Gaines for valuable suggestion which he has contributed.

^** Gaines gives the following explanation of these symbols and expressions:F.M.C. = Milk energy in terms of normal whole cow's milk of 4.0 per cent fat content.M = Weight of milk; F = Weight of fat, all expressed in the same unit of weight. One pound of F.C.M. equals 340 calories, or, E (in calories) equals 340 F.C.M. lb.