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Irradiated Milk: Characteristics of the Flowing Film Required for Optimum Efficiency of Antirachitic Activation

The Dry Milk Company, Inc., Research Laboratories, Bainbridge, New York

M. J. Dorcas

The National Carbon Company, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio

ABSTRACT

Liquid films flowing over smooth surfaces are known to possess certain characteristics which conform to hydraulic principles and which may be designated as possessing smooth or turbulent flowing properties. Data have been obtained correlating the thickness of the milk film, speed of flow and volume of milk delivered per unit .of time, with the antirachitic properties resulting from the application of ultra-violet rays of uniform intensity (1) (2). Even though a very large percentage of the radiations are absorbed by the first 0.02 millimeter depth of milk substance it was found that slowly moving films of this thickness were activated to a less degree per unit of time than faster flowing films of greater thickness. It is suggested that the character of the film may have been one of the factors determining these results. According to hydraulic principles the forward movement of each particle or molecule in films with true smooth flow characteristics is maintained, theoretically, in a single plane.